Monday, October 11, 2010
Saturday, October 9, 2010
RAJARAMA MOHAN ROY HISTORY
Raja Ram Mohan Roy Biography
Born: May 22, 1772
Died: September 27, 1833
Achievements: Founded Atmiya Sabha and Brahma Samaj. Played a key role in abolition and Sati. Fought for the rights of women.
Raja Ram Mohan Roy is known as the 'Maker of Modern India'. He was the founder of the Brahmo Samaj, one of the first Indian socio-religious reform movements. He played a major role in abolishing the role of Sati. Raja Rammohan Roy was a great scholar and an independent thinker. He advocated the study of English, Science, Western Medicine and Technology. He was given the title 'Raja' by the Mughal Emperor.
Raja Ram Mohan Roy was born on May 22, 1772 in village Radhanagar in the District of Murshidabad in Bengal. His father Ramkanto Roy, was a Vaishnavite, while his mother, Tarini, was from a Shakta background. Raja Ram Mohun Roy was sent to Patna for higher studies. By the age of fifteen, Raja Rammohun Roy had learnt Bangla, Persian, Arabic and Sanskrit.
Raja Ram Mohan Roy was against idol worship and orthodox Hindu rituals. He stood firmly against all sort of social bigotry, conservatism and superstitions. But his father was an orthodox Hindu Brahmin. This led to differences between Raja Ram Mohan Roy and his father. Following differences he left the house . He wandered around Himalayas and went to Tibet. He traveled widely before returning home.
After his return Raja Ram Mohan Roy's family married him in the hope that he would change. But this did not have any effect on him. Raja Ram Mohan Roy went to Varanasi and studied the Vedas, the Upanishads and Hindu philosophy deeply. When his father died in 1803 he returned to Murshidabad. He then worked as a moneylender in Calcutta, and from 1809 to 1814, he served in the Revenue Department of the East India Company.
In 1814, Raja Ram Mohan Roy formed Atmiya Sabha. Atmiya Sabha tried to initiate social and religious reforms in the society. Raja Ram Mohan Roy campaigned for rights for women, including the right for widows to remarry, and the right for women to hold property. He actively opposed Sati system and the practice of polygamy.
He also supported education, particularly education of women. He believed that English-language education was superior to the traditional Indian education system, and he opposed the use of government funds to support schools teaching Sanskrit. In 1822, he founded a school based on English education.
In 1828, Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the 'Brahma Samaj'. Through 'Brahma Samaj, he wanted to expose the religious hypocrisies and check the growing influence of Christianity on the Hindu society. Raja Ram Mohan Roy's efforts bore fruit when in 1929, the Sati system was abolished.
In 1831 Ram Mohan Roy traveled to the United Kingdom as an ambassador of the Mughal emperor to plead for his pension and allowances. Raja Ram Mohan Roy passed away on September 27, 1833 at Stapleton near Bristol due to meningitis.
SOURCE:http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/raja-ram-mohan-roy.html
swamivivekananda history
Swami Vivekananda Biography
VIVEKANANDA'S HISTORY
Born: January 12, 1863
Died: July 4, 1902
Achievements: Played a major role in spiritual enlightenment of Indian masses; Spread Vedanta philosophy in the West; established Ramakrishna Mission for the service of the poor.
Swami Vivekananda was one of the most influential spiritual leaders of Vedanta philosophy. He was the chief disciple of Ramakrishna Paramahansa and was the founder of Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission. Swami Vivekananda was the living embodiment of sacrifice and dedicated his life to the country and yearned for the progress of the poor, the helpless and the downtrodden. He showed a beacon of light to a nation that had lost faith in its ability under British rule and inspired self-confidence among Indians that they are second to none. His ringing words and masterful oratory galvanized the slumbering nation.
Swami Vivekananda real name was Narendranath Dutta. He was born on January12, 1863 in Calcutta. His father's name was Vishwanath Dutta and his mother's name Bhuvaneswari Devi. Narendranath acquired the name of Swami Vivekananda when he became a monk.
As a child Narendra was very lively and naughty. He was good in studies as well as in games. He studied instrumental and vocal music and also practiced meditation from a very early age. Even when Narendra was young he questioned the validity of superstitious customs and discrimination based on caste and religion. As a child Narendra had great respect for sanyasis (ascetics). He would give away anything to anybody if asked for. Whenever a beggar asked for alms, he would give him anything he had. Thus from childhood Narendra had the spirit of sacrifice and renunciation.
In 1879, Narendra passed matriculation and entered Presidency College, Calcutta. After one year, he joined the Scottish Church College, Calcutta and studied philosophy. He studied western logic, western philosophy and history of European nations. As he advanced in his studies, his thinking faculty developed. Doubts regarding existence of God started to arise in Narendra's mind. This made him associate with the Brahmo Samaj, an important religious movement of the time, led by Keshab Chandra Sen. But the Samaj's congregational prayers and devotional songs could not satisfy Narendra's zeal to realise God.
During this time Narendra came to know of Sri Ramakrishna Pramahans of Dakshineswar. Sri Ramakrishna was a priest in the temple of Goddess Kali. He was not a scholar. But he was a great devotee. It was being said of him that he had realized God. Once, Narendra went to Dakshineswar to with his friends see him. He asked Ramakrishna, whether he had seen God. The instantaneous answer from Ramakrishna was, "Yes, I have seen God, just as I see you here, only in a more clear sense." Narendra was astounded and puzzled. He could feel the man's words were honest and uttered from depths of experience. He started visiting Ramakrishna frequently.
It was in Narendra's nature to test something thoroughly before he could accept it. He would not accept Ramakrishna as his guru without a test. Ramakrishna used to say that, in order to realize God, one should give up the desire for money and women. One day Narendra hid a rupee under his pillow. Sri Ramakrishna, who had gone out, came into the room and stretched himself on the cot. At once he jumped up as if bitten by a scorpion. When he shook the mattress, the rupee coin fell down. Later he came to know that it was the doing of Narendra. Narendra accepted Sri Ramakrishna as his guru and took training under him for five years in the Advaita Vedanta, the philosophy of non-dualism. Sri Ramakrishna passed away in 1886 and nominated Narendra as his successor. After his death Narendra and a core group of Ramakrishna's disciples took vows to become monks and renounce everything, and started living in a supposedly haunted house in Baranagore.
In 1890, Narendra set out on a long journey. He covered the length and breadth of the country. He visited Varanasi, Ayodhya, Agra, Vrindavan, Alwar etc. Narendra acquired the name of Swami Vivekananda during the journey. It is said that he was given the name Vivekananda by Maharaja of Khetri for his discrimination of things, good and bad. During his journey, Vivekananda stayed at king's palaces, as well as at the huts of the poor. He came in close contact with the cultures of different regions of India and various classes of people in India. Vivekananda observed the imbalance in society and tyranny in the name of caste. He realised the need for a national rejuvenation if India was to survive at all.
Swami Vivekananda reached Kanyakumari, the southernmost tip of the Indian subcontinent on December24, 1892. He swam across the sea and started meditating on a lone rock. He meditated for three days and said later that he meditated about the past, present and future of India. The rock is presently popular as Vivekananda memorial and is a major tourist destination.
In 1893, Swami Vivekananda went to America to attend the Conference of World Religions in Chicago. He earned wild applause for beginning his address with the famous words, "Sisters and brothers of America." Swamiji mesmerized everyone in America with his masterful oratory. Wherever he went, he dwelt at length on the greatness of Indian Culture. He spoke with spontaneous ease on every topic, be it History, Sociology, Philosophy or Literature. He deplored the malicious propaganda that had been unleashed by the Christian missionaries in India. Swami Vivekananda also went to England. Many people became his disciples. Most famous among them was Margaret Nivedita'. She came to India and settled here.
Swami Vivekananda returned to India in 1897 after four years of touring in the West. He started disseminating the message of spiritual development among Indians. He realized that social service was possible only through the concerted efforts on an organized mission. To achieve this objective, Swami Vivekananda started Sri Ramakrishna Mission in 1897 and formulated its ideology and goal. During the next two years he bought a site at Belur on the banks of the Ganga, constructed the buildings and established the Ramakrishna Mutt. He once again toured the West from January 1899 to December 1900.
Swami Vivekananda died on July4, 1902 at Belur Mutt near Calcutta.
source:http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/swami-vivekananda.html
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VIVEKANANDA'S HISTORY
Born: January 12, 1863
Died: July 4, 1902
Achievements: Played a major role in spiritual enlightenment of Indian masses; Spread Vedanta philosophy in the West; established Ramakrishna Mission for the service of the poor.
Swami Vivekananda was one of the most influential spiritual leaders of Vedanta philosophy. He was the chief disciple of Ramakrishna Paramahansa and was the founder of Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission. Swami Vivekananda was the living embodiment of sacrifice and dedicated his life to the country and yearned for the progress of the poor, the helpless and the downtrodden. He showed a beacon of light to a nation that had lost faith in its ability under British rule and inspired self-confidence among Indians that they are second to none. His ringing words and masterful oratory galvanized the slumbering nation.
Swami Vivekananda real name was Narendranath Dutta. He was born on January12, 1863 in Calcutta. His father's name was Vishwanath Dutta and his mother's name Bhuvaneswari Devi. Narendranath acquired the name of Swami Vivekananda when he became a monk.
As a child Narendra was very lively and naughty. He was good in studies as well as in games. He studied instrumental and vocal music and also practiced meditation from a very early age. Even when Narendra was young he questioned the validity of superstitious customs and discrimination based on caste and religion. As a child Narendra had great respect for sanyasis (ascetics). He would give away anything to anybody if asked for. Whenever a beggar asked for alms, he would give him anything he had. Thus from childhood Narendra had the spirit of sacrifice and renunciation.
In 1879, Narendra passed matriculation and entered Presidency College, Calcutta. After one year, he joined the Scottish Church College, Calcutta and studied philosophy. He studied western logic, western philosophy and history of European nations. As he advanced in his studies, his thinking faculty developed. Doubts regarding existence of God started to arise in Narendra's mind. This made him associate with the Brahmo Samaj, an important religious movement of the time, led by Keshab Chandra Sen. But the Samaj's congregational prayers and devotional songs could not satisfy Narendra's zeal to realise God.
During this time Narendra came to know of Sri Ramakrishna Pramahans of Dakshineswar. Sri Ramakrishna was a priest in the temple of Goddess Kali. He was not a scholar. But he was a great devotee. It was being said of him that he had realized God. Once, Narendra went to Dakshineswar to with his friends see him. He asked Ramakrishna, whether he had seen God. The instantaneous answer from Ramakrishna was, "Yes, I have seen God, just as I see you here, only in a more clear sense." Narendra was astounded and puzzled. He could feel the man's words were honest and uttered from depths of experience. He started visiting Ramakrishna frequently.
It was in Narendra's nature to test something thoroughly before he could accept it. He would not accept Ramakrishna as his guru without a test. Ramakrishna used to say that, in order to realize God, one should give up the desire for money and women. One day Narendra hid a rupee under his pillow. Sri Ramakrishna, who had gone out, came into the room and stretched himself on the cot. At once he jumped up as if bitten by a scorpion. When he shook the mattress, the rupee coin fell down. Later he came to know that it was the doing of Narendra. Narendra accepted Sri Ramakrishna as his guru and took training under him for five years in the Advaita Vedanta, the philosophy of non-dualism. Sri Ramakrishna passed away in 1886 and nominated Narendra as his successor. After his death Narendra and a core group of Ramakrishna's disciples took vows to become monks and renounce everything, and started living in a supposedly haunted house in Baranagore.
In 1890, Narendra set out on a long journey. He covered the length and breadth of the country. He visited Varanasi, Ayodhya, Agra, Vrindavan, Alwar etc. Narendra acquired the name of Swami Vivekananda during the journey. It is said that he was given the name Vivekananda by Maharaja of Khetri for his discrimination of things, good and bad. During his journey, Vivekananda stayed at king's palaces, as well as at the huts of the poor. He came in close contact with the cultures of different regions of India and various classes of people in India. Vivekananda observed the imbalance in society and tyranny in the name of caste. He realised the need for a national rejuvenation if India was to survive at all.
Swami Vivekananda reached Kanyakumari, the southernmost tip of the Indian subcontinent on December24, 1892. He swam across the sea and started meditating on a lone rock. He meditated for three days and said later that he meditated about the past, present and future of India. The rock is presently popular as Vivekananda memorial and is a major tourist destination.
In 1893, Swami Vivekananda went to America to attend the Conference of World Religions in Chicago. He earned wild applause for beginning his address with the famous words, "Sisters and brothers of America." Swamiji mesmerized everyone in America with his masterful oratory. Wherever he went, he dwelt at length on the greatness of Indian Culture. He spoke with spontaneous ease on every topic, be it History, Sociology, Philosophy or Literature. He deplored the malicious propaganda that had been unleashed by the Christian missionaries in India. Swami Vivekananda also went to England. Many people became his disciples. Most famous among them was Margaret Nivedita'. She came to India and settled here.
Swami Vivekananda returned to India in 1897 after four years of touring in the West. He started disseminating the message of spiritual development among Indians. He realized that social service was possible only through the concerted efforts on an organized mission. To achieve this objective, Swami Vivekananda started Sri Ramakrishna Mission in 1897 and formulated its ideology and goal. During the next two years he bought a site at Belur on the banks of the Ganga, constructed the buildings and established the Ramakrishna Mutt. He once again toured the West from January 1899 to December 1900.
Swami Vivekananda died on July4, 1902 at Belur Mutt near Calcutta.
source:http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/swami-vivekananda.html
mother teresa history
MOTHER TERESA HISTORY
Anyone questioning the meaning of love need not look further than the life and works of Mother Teresa. Born Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu in Skopje, Macedonia, (the former Yugoslavia), and this Angel of Mercy understood the meaning. The woman who would go on to show the world the definition of compassion began with her earthly life on August 27, 1910.
Throughout her life, she tried to teach others the love she knew so well. From her mouth came quotes such as "God admires us not for what we do but for how much love we put into what we do. Together let us build a chain of love around the world." With some who heard her message, it made a difference.
Agnes' family was an affluent and loving one. She was the youngest of three children. Her parents, Nikollë and Dranafille Bojaxhiu had relocated to Yugoslavia from their former home in what is now Albania. Agnes was about 12 when she first knew that she belonged to God. She prayed for six years and became a nun at the age of 18. The Irish order she joined did missionary work in India and was called the Sisters of Loretto. When her vows were said to join the order, Agnes chose the name Teresa, after the canonized 16th century saint, Thérèse of Lisieux.
As a teacher, Teresa taught her students catechism, history, and geography at St. Mary's High School, near Calcutta. By 1944, she was the principal of the same school. Her teaching was brought to an abrupt halt when she contracted tuberculosis and was sent away for a much needed rest.
It was during her recuperation period that Teresa was given her second calling from God. In a later interview, Mother described the calling. Her words were "I was to leave the convent and work with the poor, living among them. It was an order. I knew where I belonged but I did not know how to get there."
Teresa was granted permission in 1948 to leave the Sisters of Loretto and continue her work at Calcutta. She taught poor children and learned the basics of medicine in order to treat the sick in their homes. Teresa was given the moniker "Saint of the Gutters" for the work she was doing.
Soon after, some of her former students joined her and they worked with people, the hospitals in the area had, rejected. They obtained a room so that the people they were helping did not have to die in the gutter. In 1950, the group became known as the Missionaries of Charity. The goal, as Mother Teresa described it, was to offer "free service to the poor and the unwanted, irrespective of caste, creed, nationality or race."
Mother Teresa turned what had formerly been a temple in Calcutta into a Home for the Dying in 1952. It was called the Nirmal Hriday Home for Dying Destitutes in Calcutta. Nirmal Hriday means "pure heart."
Mother Teresa was awarded the Pandra Shri prize for "extraordinary services" in 1962. Money from awards such as this was always used to advance her work. She opened clinics, hospices, and homeless shelters and did everything she could to make the lives of people more tolerable. Her goal was, in fact, quite simple. She wanted people to be able to die with dignity, and with a feeling of peace. She explained this further in her own words: "In my heart, I carry the last glances of the dying. I do all I can so that they feel loved at that most important moment when a seemingly useless existence can be redeemed."
Another award was bestowed upon her in 1971, the Pope John XXIII Peace Prize, and then in 1979, the Nobel Peace Prize was hers.
After learning of winning the Nobel Prize, Mother Teresa answered with a very humble "I am unworthy." She also opted to donate the $6,000 that would have been used for a ceremonial banquet to be given to the poor in Calcutta. Her life's work was explained in her own words when she accepted this high honor: "To care for the hungry, the naked, the homeless, the crippled, the blind, the lepers, all those people who feel unwanted, unloved, uncared for throughout society."
Mother Teresa established a hospice for AIDS victims in New York in 1985 and more of the same were started in Atlanta and San Francisco later. She was awarded the United States' highest civilian award, that of the Medal of Freedom and was awarded an honorary US citizenship in 1996. Only four people before her had received that title. Her awards from the United States were not yet finished, however, and she was honored with the Congressional Gold Medal in 1997.
Mother Teresa suffered from heart problems for a substantial amount of time. There was a heart attack during a visit with Pope John Paul II in 1983 and a more serious attack of her heart in 1989. With the 1989 attack, she was given a pacemaker. Pneumonia in 1991 led to heart failure, and in 1996, she was hospitalized for malaria and a chest infection and also underwent heart surgery.
Cardiac arrest claimed the life of this remarkable woman in Calcutta on September 5, 1997. The last earthly words to be uttered by her were "I can't breathe any more."
Did she have a secret to such a loving and giving life? If there was one, it was rooted in the way she regarded people. She saw Jesus in everyone. Every wound she bandaged, every hand she held, and every dying soul she offered dignity to, in her mind, she was doing these things for the body of Christ. To many of us, the life she led seemed full of unpleasantness, but to Mother Teresa, she was living the only life that would give her pleasure and fulfillment.
Her uncomplicated and heartfelt words often gave a glimpse into her spirit, and perhaps in her words, her secret lies. "I will never understand all the good that a simple smile can accomplish" she said. And she practiced it with offering smiles wherever life's journey led her.
Mother Teresa lived love. It poured from her like a fountain. She explained it all in two quotes concerning love. "There is no greater sickness in the world today than the lack of love” and "The hunger for love is much more difficult to remove than the hunger for bread." Yes, she had a secret. Her answer was contained in that four-letter word called love.
In a fitting tribute to Mother Teresa after her death, Michael Coren of The Financial Post said, "Though the diminutive nun was hardly physically attractive in the conventional sense, she was in fact the most beautiful woman in the world." Many people then and now echo Coren's sentiments.
SOURCE:http://www.essortment.com/all/motherteresahi_rmgp.htm
Anyone questioning the meaning of love need not look further than the life and works of Mother Teresa. Born Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu in Skopje, Macedonia, (the former Yugoslavia), and this Angel of Mercy understood the meaning. The woman who would go on to show the world the definition of compassion began with her earthly life on August 27, 1910.
Throughout her life, she tried to teach others the love she knew so well. From her mouth came quotes such as "God admires us not for what we do but for how much love we put into what we do. Together let us build a chain of love around the world." With some who heard her message, it made a difference.
Agnes' family was an affluent and loving one. She was the youngest of three children. Her parents, Nikollë and Dranafille Bojaxhiu had relocated to Yugoslavia from their former home in what is now Albania. Agnes was about 12 when she first knew that she belonged to God. She prayed for six years and became a nun at the age of 18. The Irish order she joined did missionary work in India and was called the Sisters of Loretto. When her vows were said to join the order, Agnes chose the name Teresa, after the canonized 16th century saint, Thérèse of Lisieux.
As a teacher, Teresa taught her students catechism, history, and geography at St. Mary's High School, near Calcutta. By 1944, she was the principal of the same school. Her teaching was brought to an abrupt halt when she contracted tuberculosis and was sent away for a much needed rest.
It was during her recuperation period that Teresa was given her second calling from God. In a later interview, Mother described the calling. Her words were "I was to leave the convent and work with the poor, living among them. It was an order. I knew where I belonged but I did not know how to get there."
Teresa was granted permission in 1948 to leave the Sisters of Loretto and continue her work at Calcutta. She taught poor children and learned the basics of medicine in order to treat the sick in their homes. Teresa was given the moniker "Saint of the Gutters" for the work she was doing.
Soon after, some of her former students joined her and they worked with people, the hospitals in the area had, rejected. They obtained a room so that the people they were helping did not have to die in the gutter. In 1950, the group became known as the Missionaries of Charity. The goal, as Mother Teresa described it, was to offer "free service to the poor and the unwanted, irrespective of caste, creed, nationality or race."
Mother Teresa turned what had formerly been a temple in Calcutta into a Home for the Dying in 1952. It was called the Nirmal Hriday Home for Dying Destitutes in Calcutta. Nirmal Hriday means "pure heart."
Mother Teresa was awarded the Pandra Shri prize for "extraordinary services" in 1962. Money from awards such as this was always used to advance her work. She opened clinics, hospices, and homeless shelters and did everything she could to make the lives of people more tolerable. Her goal was, in fact, quite simple. She wanted people to be able to die with dignity, and with a feeling of peace. She explained this further in her own words: "In my heart, I carry the last glances of the dying. I do all I can so that they feel loved at that most important moment when a seemingly useless existence can be redeemed."
Another award was bestowed upon her in 1971, the Pope John XXIII Peace Prize, and then in 1979, the Nobel Peace Prize was hers.
After learning of winning the Nobel Prize, Mother Teresa answered with a very humble "I am unworthy." She also opted to donate the $6,000 that would have been used for a ceremonial banquet to be given to the poor in Calcutta. Her life's work was explained in her own words when she accepted this high honor: "To care for the hungry, the naked, the homeless, the crippled, the blind, the lepers, all those people who feel unwanted, unloved, uncared for throughout society."
Mother Teresa established a hospice for AIDS victims in New York in 1985 and more of the same were started in Atlanta and San Francisco later. She was awarded the United States' highest civilian award, that of the Medal of Freedom and was awarded an honorary US citizenship in 1996. Only four people before her had received that title. Her awards from the United States were not yet finished, however, and she was honored with the Congressional Gold Medal in 1997.
Mother Teresa suffered from heart problems for a substantial amount of time. There was a heart attack during a visit with Pope John Paul II in 1983 and a more serious attack of her heart in 1989. With the 1989 attack, she was given a pacemaker. Pneumonia in 1991 led to heart failure, and in 1996, she was hospitalized for malaria and a chest infection and also underwent heart surgery.
Cardiac arrest claimed the life of this remarkable woman in Calcutta on September 5, 1997. The last earthly words to be uttered by her were "I can't breathe any more."
Did she have a secret to such a loving and giving life? If there was one, it was rooted in the way she regarded people. She saw Jesus in everyone. Every wound she bandaged, every hand she held, and every dying soul she offered dignity to, in her mind, she was doing these things for the body of Christ. To many of us, the life she led seemed full of unpleasantness, but to Mother Teresa, she was living the only life that would give her pleasure and fulfillment.
Her uncomplicated and heartfelt words often gave a glimpse into her spirit, and perhaps in her words, her secret lies. "I will never understand all the good that a simple smile can accomplish" she said. And she practiced it with offering smiles wherever life's journey led her.
Mother Teresa lived love. It poured from her like a fountain. She explained it all in two quotes concerning love. "There is no greater sickness in the world today than the lack of love” and "The hunger for love is much more difficult to remove than the hunger for bread." Yes, she had a secret. Her answer was contained in that four-letter word called love.
In a fitting tribute to Mother Teresa after her death, Michael Coren of The Financial Post said, "Though the diminutive nun was hardly physically attractive in the conventional sense, she was in fact the most beautiful woman in the world." Many people then and now echo Coren's sentiments.
SOURCE:http://www.essortment.com/all/motherteresahi_rmgp.htm
subhas chandra bose's history
Born: January 23, 1897
Died: August 18, 1945
Achievements: Passed Indian Civil Services Exam; elected Congress President in 1938 and 1939; formed a new party All India Forward block; organized Azad Hind Fauj to overthrow British Empire from India.
Subhas Chandra Bose, affectionately called as Netaji, was one of the most prominent leaders of Indian freedom struggle. Though Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru have garnered much of the credit for successful culmination of Indian freedom struggle, the contribution of Subash Chandra Bose is no less. He has been denied his rightful place in the annals of Indian history. He founded Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) to overthrow British Empire from India and came to acquire legendary status among Indian masses.
Subhas Chandra Bose was born on January 23, 1897 in Cuttack, Orissa. His father Janaki Nath Bose was a famous lawyer and his mother Prabhavati Devi was a pious and religious lady. Subhas Chandra Bose was the ninth child among fourteen siblings. Subhas Chandra Bose was a brilliant student right from the childhood. He topped the matriculation examination of Calcutta province and graduated with a First Class in Philosophy from the Scottish Churches College in Calcutta. He was strongly influenced by Swami Vivekananda's teachings and was known for his patriotic zeal as a student. To fulfill his parents wishes he went to England in 1919 to compete for Indian Civil Services. In England he appeared for the Indian Civil Service competitive examination in 1920, and came out fourth in order of merit. However, Subhas Chandra Bose was deeply disturbed by the Jallianwalla Bagh massacre, and left his Civil Services apprenticeship midway to return to India in 1921
After returning to India Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose came under the influence of Mahatma Gandhi and joined the Indian National Congress. On Gandhiji's instructions, he started working under Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das, whom he later acknowledged his political guru. Soon he showed his leadership mettle and gained his way up in the Congress' hierarchy. In 1928 the Motilal Nehru Committee appointed by the Congress declared in favour of Domination Status, but Subhas Chandra Bose along with Jawaharlal Nehru opposed it, and both asserted that they would be satisfied with nothing short of complete independence for India. Subhas also announced the formation of the Independence League. Subhas Chandra Bose was jailed during Civil Disobedience movement in 1930. He was released in 1931 after Gandhi-Irwin pact was signed. He protested against the Gandhi-Irwin pact and opposed the suspension of Civil Disobedience movement specially when Bhagat Singh and his associates were hanged.
Subash Chandra Bose was soon arrested again under the infamous Bengal Regulation. After an year he was released on medical grounds and was banished from India to Europe. He took steps to establish centres in different European capitals with a view to promoting politico-cultural contacts between India and Europe. Defying the ban on his entry to India, Subash Chandra Bose returned to India and was again arrested and jailed for a year. After the General Elections of 1937, Congress came to power in seven states and Subash Chandra Bose was released. Shortly afterwards he was elected President of the Haripura Congress Session in 1938. During his term as Congress President, he talked of planning in concrete terms, and set up a National planning Committee in October that year. At the end of his first term, the presidential election to the Tripuri Congress session took place early 1939. Subhas Chandra Bose was re-elected, defeating Dr. Pattabhi Sitaramayya who had been backed by Mahatma Gandhi and the Congress Working Committee. Clouds of World War II were on the horizon and he brought a resolution to give the British six months to hand India over to the Indians, failing which there would be a revolt. There was much opposition to his rigid stand, and he resigned from the post of president and formed a progressive group known as the Forward Block.
Subhas Chandra Bose now started a mass movement against utilizing Indian resources and men for the great war. There was a tremendous response to his call and he was put under house arrest in Calcutta. In January 1941, Subhas Chandra Bose disappeared from his home in Calcutta and reached Germany via Afghanistan. Working on the maxim that "an enemy's enemy is a friend", he sought cooperation of Germany and Japan against British Empire. In January 1942, he began his regular broadcasts from Radio Berlin, which aroused tremendous enthusiasm in India. In July 1943, he arrived in Singapore from Germany. In Singapore he took over the reins of the Indian Independence Movement in East Asia from Rash Behari Bose and organised the Azad Hind Fauj (Indian National Army) comprising mainly of Indian prisoners of war. He was hailed as Netaji by the Army as well as by the Indian civilian population in East Asia. Azad Hind Fauj proceeded towards India to liberate it from British rule. Enroute it lliberated Andeman and Nicobar Islands. The I.N.A. Head quarters was shifted to Rangoon in January 1944. Azad Hind Fauj crossed the Burma Border, and stood on Indian soil on March 18 ,1944.
However, defeat of Japan and Germany in the Second World War forced INA to retreat and it could not achieve its objective. Subhas Chandra Bose was reportedly killed in an air crash over Taipeh, Taiwan (Formosa) on August 18, 1945. Though it is widely believed that he was still alive after the air crash not much information could be found about him.
source:http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/subhash-chandra-bose.html
Died: August 18, 1945
Achievements: Passed Indian Civil Services Exam; elected Congress President in 1938 and 1939; formed a new party All India Forward block; organized Azad Hind Fauj to overthrow British Empire from India.
Subhas Chandra Bose, affectionately called as Netaji, was one of the most prominent leaders of Indian freedom struggle. Though Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru have garnered much of the credit for successful culmination of Indian freedom struggle, the contribution of Subash Chandra Bose is no less. He has been denied his rightful place in the annals of Indian history. He founded Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) to overthrow British Empire from India and came to acquire legendary status among Indian masses.
Subhas Chandra Bose was born on January 23, 1897 in Cuttack, Orissa. His father Janaki Nath Bose was a famous lawyer and his mother Prabhavati Devi was a pious and religious lady. Subhas Chandra Bose was the ninth child among fourteen siblings. Subhas Chandra Bose was a brilliant student right from the childhood. He topped the matriculation examination of Calcutta province and graduated with a First Class in Philosophy from the Scottish Churches College in Calcutta. He was strongly influenced by Swami Vivekananda's teachings and was known for his patriotic zeal as a student. To fulfill his parents wishes he went to England in 1919 to compete for Indian Civil Services. In England he appeared for the Indian Civil Service competitive examination in 1920, and came out fourth in order of merit. However, Subhas Chandra Bose was deeply disturbed by the Jallianwalla Bagh massacre, and left his Civil Services apprenticeship midway to return to India in 1921
After returning to India Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose came under the influence of Mahatma Gandhi and joined the Indian National Congress. On Gandhiji's instructions, he started working under Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das, whom he later acknowledged his political guru. Soon he showed his leadership mettle and gained his way up in the Congress' hierarchy. In 1928 the Motilal Nehru Committee appointed by the Congress declared in favour of Domination Status, but Subhas Chandra Bose along with Jawaharlal Nehru opposed it, and both asserted that they would be satisfied with nothing short of complete independence for India. Subhas also announced the formation of the Independence League. Subhas Chandra Bose was jailed during Civil Disobedience movement in 1930. He was released in 1931 after Gandhi-Irwin pact was signed. He protested against the Gandhi-Irwin pact and opposed the suspension of Civil Disobedience movement specially when Bhagat Singh and his associates were hanged.
Subash Chandra Bose was soon arrested again under the infamous Bengal Regulation. After an year he was released on medical grounds and was banished from India to Europe. He took steps to establish centres in different European capitals with a view to promoting politico-cultural contacts between India and Europe. Defying the ban on his entry to India, Subash Chandra Bose returned to India and was again arrested and jailed for a year. After the General Elections of 1937, Congress came to power in seven states and Subash Chandra Bose was released. Shortly afterwards he was elected President of the Haripura Congress Session in 1938. During his term as Congress President, he talked of planning in concrete terms, and set up a National planning Committee in October that year. At the end of his first term, the presidential election to the Tripuri Congress session took place early 1939. Subhas Chandra Bose was re-elected, defeating Dr. Pattabhi Sitaramayya who had been backed by Mahatma Gandhi and the Congress Working Committee. Clouds of World War II were on the horizon and he brought a resolution to give the British six months to hand India over to the Indians, failing which there would be a revolt. There was much opposition to his rigid stand, and he resigned from the post of president and formed a progressive group known as the Forward Block.
Subhas Chandra Bose now started a mass movement against utilizing Indian resources and men for the great war. There was a tremendous response to his call and he was put under house arrest in Calcutta. In January 1941, Subhas Chandra Bose disappeared from his home in Calcutta and reached Germany via Afghanistan. Working on the maxim that "an enemy's enemy is a friend", he sought cooperation of Germany and Japan against British Empire. In January 1942, he began his regular broadcasts from Radio Berlin, which aroused tremendous enthusiasm in India. In July 1943, he arrived in Singapore from Germany. In Singapore he took over the reins of the Indian Independence Movement in East Asia from Rash Behari Bose and organised the Azad Hind Fauj (Indian National Army) comprising mainly of Indian prisoners of war. He was hailed as Netaji by the Army as well as by the Indian civilian population in East Asia. Azad Hind Fauj proceeded towards India to liberate it from British rule. Enroute it lliberated Andeman and Nicobar Islands. The I.N.A. Head quarters was shifted to Rangoon in January 1944. Azad Hind Fauj crossed the Burma Border, and stood on Indian soil on March 18 ,1944.
However, defeat of Japan and Germany in the Second World War forced INA to retreat and it could not achieve its objective. Subhas Chandra Bose was reportedly killed in an air crash over Taipeh, Taiwan (Formosa) on August 18, 1945. Though it is widely believed that he was still alive after the air crash not much information could be found about him.
source:http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/subhash-chandra-bose.html
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